Vehicle compass



Oct. 4, 1938.

M. KLEIN ET AL VEHICLE CGMPASS Filed Aug. 5l, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I 64E-pfff m/ WiL/444%" Ma/[Z4 Z5 Maximilian K/e/n Bern/7am M//facl Wfl/ibm Sfader im wf/m,

Oct. 4, 1938. M. KLEIN Er AL 2,132,168

VEHICLE GoMPAss Filed Aug. 31, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Maximi/mn' K/e/'n ernhafd Wfl/ach M/I//fam Jfader ff Y l N A wmm. vs@

Patented oei. 4, 193s 2,132,168

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE VEHICLE COMPASS Maximilian Klein and Bernhard Willaeh, Sellersville, and William Stader, Perkasie, Pa., assignors to United States Gauge Company, Sellersville, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application August 31, 1935, Serial No. 38,814 11 Claims. (Cl. 33-223) The present invention relates to improvements `Figure is a View in section taken substanin magnetic compasses and more particularly tially along line 5-5 of Figure l. is concerned with improvements in compasses Figure 5A is a. top plan view illustrating the which are designed for use in automobiles or baille plate forming a part of the invention shown 5 other vehicles. in Figures 4 and 5.

This invention has for its primary purpose Figure 6 is a View partly in section and partly the provision oi a unitary magnetic compass cain elevation taken substantially along line 6-6 pable of being successfully used in an automoof Figure 4 and showing the dial eu!) and magnet bile or like vehicle of such nature that stray fulmug e part of the preferred form of our inlg magnetic ilelds are likely to be present in most ventlon. lo parts of the vehicle, because of the inclusion as Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 6 showing a part or the unitary construction of adjustable a modified form of magnet construction. compensator means to counteract said fields, Figure 8 is a sectional view taken substantially A further object of the present invention realong line 3-3 0f Figure '7- l5 sides in the provision of a vehicle compass which Figure 9 iS a View Simile-1 i0 Figure 3 iluiiri- 15 is accurately responsive to the earths magnetic ing a modified form 0f diei Cup Construction. field. Figure l0 is a. view similar to Figure 8 illustrat- This invention also aims to provide a vehicle ins a further modified form of dial cup Construcor like compass, the indicating element of which tionis buoyantly sustained in the compass casing in Figure l1 is a view similar to Figure 4 iilus'rat- 20 a simple manner. ing a modied form of pivot pin and dial cup.

A further object of the invention is to provide Figure 12 is a View Similar to Figure 11 illusa vehicle or like compass that may be constructed trating a further modiiied form of pivot pin, and and assembled at low cost, but that will success- Figure 13 iS a View Similar t0 Figure l Showing fully withstand shocks incident to vehicle operaan alternate arrangement 0f the compensating 25 tion without permanently effecting the operation magnets forming a Dart 0f the invention. thereof. With continued reference to the drawings in A still further object of the invention resides which like reference characters are employed to in the provision of a compass which may condenote like parts throughout the several views,

veniently be adjusted to compensate for the inthe preferred embodiment 0f our invention in- 30 uence of stray magnetic fields so as to be ca,- cludes a substantially cylindrical housing section pable of installation at any desired point of an 2i. formed of Bakelite or other suitable non-mag automobile. netic material, and having a depending annular Still another object resides in the provision oi ange 22 provided with internal threads 23. Se-

a compass having indicia which are uniformly Cured in threaded engagement With flange 22 0f 35 magnified ln an extremely Simple Way regardhousing section 2l is a bowl shaped section 24 less of the point of observation and which may formed 0f glass 0T other transparent and non' be observed from any point about the compass magnetic material. A fluid seal between housing diaL section 2l and bowl section 24 is effected by Further objects of the invention will appear means of 9' gasket 25 disposed adjacent' threads 40 in the following detailed description and the ap- 'Mounted in musing section 2| and depending pnded claims when considelied i? cogfon centrally into bowl 2l is a needle shaped pivot With the accompanying draw ngs n W 28 having a point 29. Disposed concentrically in Figure 1 is a' top Plan View 0f a' preferred em' bowl section 2l and immersed in a liquid bath bodiment of our invention with the cover of the 3l which mls the bowl, ls a float assembly 32 45 Cfmpensatol' Chamber removed for clarity of il which is horizontally supported in rotatable enlustration. gagement with the point 28 of pivot 28. Liquid Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the conbath 3| is preferably formed from paramn 011 struction shown in Figure 1. or other Similar product. 50 Figure 3 is an elevational view of the construc- Float assembly 32 comprises a, dial cup 35 preftion of Figure 2 When Viewed from the right Side erably formed of molded celluloid or like matethereof. rial, and positioned with its open end adjacent Figure 4 is a view in section taken subttanhousing section 2|. The external surface of diei tially along the line 4-4 of Figure 1, cup 35 is provided with suitable graduated indicia. 5s

33 designed to register with a stationary index finger or lip 31 depending from housing section 2| outside of bowl 24. A core member 33 formed of relatively light weight material and concentrically disposed within dial cup 35, is provided at one end with a flange 33 which is secured in the bottom of dial cup 35 in any suitable manner, as for example by means of glue or other adhesive material.

Core 33 is provided with a `tapered bore 4|, which narrows toward the end of the core. Said core is cured in dial cup 35 and is enlarged adjacent me bottom of the dial cup to provide a recess 42 within which is confined a bearing member 43 formed of any suitable anti-friction material. A slight conical depression 44, formed in bearing 43, is adapted to accommodate the pivot point 23 in a manner presently to be described.

Supported in core 33 in the bottom of dial cup 35 is a laminated or similar bar magnet 43 having an enlarged central portion 43 (Figure 6) provided with an aperture I for accommodating core 33. Disposed within the space between core 33 and the walls of dial cup 35 is a filler 53, preferably of cork. which may be secured to the core and dial cup by glue or other suitable adhesive material. Cork illler 33 thus completely overlies and encloses bar magnet 43 and serves to assure buoyancy of the float assembly.

Cork ller 53 is provided above the top of dial cup 35 with a laterally extending iiange 53 which increases the buoyance o! the float assembly 32 and further tends to dampen excessive vlbration or oscillation of the iioat assembly in the liquid bath. A washer 53, which bears against the top of cork ller 33 is disposed concentrically about core 33 and is locked in place by the top oi' core 33 which is peened outwardly as indicated at 51. The exposed surfaces of cork ller 53 are preferably covered with a coating of shellac or other suitable impervious and non-corrosive material.

The dial iloat assembly 32 is thus completely protected from the action oi liquid bath 3| since dial cup 35 is molded from non-corrosive celluloid or like material, and cork 1111er 53 is coated with shellac or other corrosive resistant material. If desired, indicia 33 formed on the dial cup may be treated with radium to increase the use of the compass for night driving. The radium under such conditions may be coated with a protecting substance to prevent harmful action of the liquid bath on the indicia.

When the compass is assembled bore 4| of the dial iioat is designed to accommodate pivot 23, the point 23 of which is adapted to be received in conical depression 44 of the dial float bearing 43. The dial oat is thus adapted to turn upon pivot 28 as bar magnet 43 responds to the influence of the earths magnetic eld. Furthermore, as bore 4| is of substantially greater diameter than needle pivot 23 therein accommodated,it will be seen that the dial float assembly may rock to a slight degree with respect to pivot 23. Therefore should pivot 23 assume a position slightly inclined to the vertical, dial oat 32 will be free to remain in a substantially horizontal position by rocking slightly with respect to the pivot.

Provided in the bottom of housing section 2| adjacent bowl 24 is an annular groove 53 filled by an air bubble 53 and acting as an expansive chamber to allow expansion oi' the liquid bath 3| under variations in temperature and relieve the pressures created by such expansion.

Disposed concentrically about pivot 23 between iioat assembly 32 and annular groove 33 is a cupshaped baille plate 33 having a scalloped periphery as indicated at 3| (Figure 5A). Batlle plate 33 serves to coniine the air bubble 53 within groove 53 and to prevent the air bubble from shifting its position into the region adjacent the float assembly when the compass is subjected to shocks and jars such as may be occasioned by travel of a vehicle over rough roads. Such coniinement ot the air bubble 53 is desirable since it is found in practice that shifting of the air bubble into the region adjacent the iioat assembly tends to increase the undesirable vibration and oscillation which the float assembly suffers in responding to the lniiuence oi the earths magnetic ileld. It will be appreciated, therefore, that provision ol' baille plate 33 is effective to facilitate accurate and steady registration of the iloat assembly. It is to be understood, however, that bale plate 33 may be omitted from the construction embodying our invention without departing from the spirit oi' the invention or restricting the scope thereof.

Embedded longitudinally in cylindrical housing section 2| is a tubular member 32 provided with a threaded bore 33 which at one end is in communication with groove 33 and at its other end is in communication with a compensating chamber 34 which is formed in housing section 2| and which may be opened to the atmosphere. Disposed in bore 33 adjacent groove 3| is a removable threaded plug 35. The top of compensating chamber 34 which is open to the atmosphere is designed to be closed by means of a cover 33 iitted in a recess 31 in the housing section and secured in place by a screw 33 removably threaded into one end of bore 33.

It will be seen that upon removal of screw 33 and cover 33, and Withdrawal of plug 35, bore 33 will provide direct communication between the interior of bowl 24 and the exterior of the compass housing. Under such circumstances liquid may be readily introduced through bore 33 to bowl 24 either for initial illling oi the bowl with the fluid bath or to subsequently replenish the bath. Upon replacement of plug 35 in the bore, bowl 24 is again provided with a iluid tight seal. Cover 33 and retaining screw 33 may then be replaced.

The compensating device designed to neutralize the effect of stray mangetic nelds existing in the region of the bar magnet 43 will now be described. Extending transversely through compensating chamber 34 is a threaded bolt 1|, one end of which is loosely received in a bore 12 formed in the chamber wall and the other end oi which extends loosely through an aligned bore 13 and is provided with an enlarged head 14 which loosely nts within an enlarged portion l5 of bore 13. Head 14 of bolt 1I is provided with a kerf 13 for accommodating a suitable tool to adjust the angular position of the bolt. Head 14 is further provided with an index mark 11 designed to register with a mark 13 formed in the housing section 2| to indicate the neutral position of the magnets.

Disposed about the end of bolt 1| adjacent head 14 is a resilient bridge member 3| the legs of which are designed to bear against the wall of chamber 34. Dual nuts 32 and 33 are threaded upon bolt 1| in abutting relation with bridge member 3| and the opposite wall of chamber 34 respectively. It will be appreciated that nuts 32 and 33 thus serve to prevent longitudinal reciprocation oi' bolt 1| which is loosely tted in housing section 2|, and bridge member 3| serves to prevent binding of the nuts with the chamber walls thus preventing the bolt from becoming locked against angular adjustment.

Threaded on bolt 1| within chamber 64 and abutting nuts 82 and 83 respectively are twin compensating horseshoe magnets 84 and B5 which are preferably disposed with their open ends in diametric opposition. Compensating magnets 84 and B5 are respectively locked, by means of nuts 82 and 93, for rotation with bolt 1|. Therefore, upon rotational adjustment of bolt 1I, compensating magnets 94 and 85 may be selectively disposed in any desired angular position with respect to housing section 2| to effectively neutralize the effect of stray magnetic fields in the region of bar magnet 46.

If desired compensating magnets B4 and 85 may be selectively adjusted with their open ends in any desired angular relation with respect to each other by removing cover 65 of the compensating chamber and manually adjusting the magnets upon bolt 1|. However. in practical use it is found preferable to initially adjust the magnets with their open ends diametrically opposed and to retain this adjustment at all times regardless of the angular position of boit 1| with respect to housing section 2|.

Preferably, in each magnet the south seeking pole is disposed below the north seeking pole, although such arrangement of the poles may be varied as required by particular magnetic conditions.

The construction for mounting the compass to the form of a vehicle will new be described. Housing section 2| is provided with dual spaced ears 81 and B8 having aligned apertures 89. Disposed between ears 81 and 98 is the stem 9| of a T-shaped bracket 92. Bracket stem 9| is provided with an aperture 93 aligned with ear apertures 89, and is further provided with radial knurls 94 on the face of the stem adjacent housing gear 88. A gasket member 95, formed of paper or other suitable friction material, and provided with a central aperture, is positioned between knurled face 94 of the bracket stem and ear B8.

A bolt 98, having a head 99 bearing against ear 81, is disposed within the aligned apertures in housing ears 81 and 88, bracket stem 9| and gasket 95, and is retained in position by means of a nut IUI threaded on the end of the bolt into abutment with housing ear 89. It will be seen, when nut |0| is turned home upon bolt 98, that bracket stem 9| will be rmly clamped between housing ears 91 and B8, friction gasket 95 under such conditions serving to prevent movement of the compass housing with respect to the bracket. Selective angular adjustment of the compass housing with respect to the bracket may be readily effected upon loosening of nut |9I.

Bracket 92 is provided with apertures |02 for accommodating suitable bolts (not shown) by means of which lthe bracket may be secured with respect to the windshield header or dashboard of a conventional vehicle. Regardless of the position assumed by bracket 92 when mounted upon the vehicle frame, compass housing 2| may be selectively adjusted, in the manner previously described to insure substantially horizontal positioning of the compass housing.

If desired. compass housing 2l may be secured with respect to a vehicle housing by means of a suction cup or other suitable structure in lieu of the bracket 92 described in connection with the preferred embodiment of our invention.

From the structure thus far described, it will be appreciated that when the compass is completely assembled and, with the housing disposed substantially horizontally, is placed under the iniiuence of the earths magnetic field, dial oat assembly 32 will turn around in uid bath 3| until bar magnet 46 is properly aligned in the earths magnetic field. The indicia 36 on the dial cup will under such conditions register with index finger 31 in the compass housing to indicate the direction in which the compass housing and bracket are faced. However, accurate indication of the compass under such conditions will occur only when the compass is isolated from the influence of stray magnetic fields and compensating magnets B4 and 85 are horizontally disposed at whichtime index mark 11 on the head of the compensating bolt will register with index mark 18 on the compass housing.

When the compass is secured to the frame of an automobile, however, stray magnetic fields created by the automobile will influence the compass and render reaction thereof to the earths magnetic field inaccurate. In order to neutralize the effect of such stray fields the compensating magnets may be adjusted and the compass assembled in a vehicle in the following manner:

The true points of the compass are first ascertained by isolating the compass from the iniiuence of stray fields which may be effected by removing the compass at least 20 feet from the car or any steel construction. The vehicle in which the compass is to be mounted is then faced in a known direction, preferably east or west, and the compass is tentatively positioned in several different locations adjacent the header of the windshield or the dashboard until a position is found in which the compass registers with a minimum declination from known true direction. The vehicle is then faced in the opposite direction and the process repeated. The compass is then mounted upon the vehicle at the point which affords least inaccuracy of registration.

An adjusting tool is next inserted in kerf 16 provided in the head of the compensating bolt and the bolt is rotated until the compass gives an accurate registration of the known direction in which the vehicle is faced. The compass will now give an accurate registration of any direction in which the vehicle may be faced.

Index mark 11 on the head of the compensating bolt will under such conditions be displaced from registration with index mark 18 in the compass housing, and the magnitude of such displacement will aiford an indication of the angular position of the compensating magnets within the chamber 64.

The compensating magnets serve to neutralize stray magnetic elds which tend to influence bar magnet 46 in the following manner: When the compensating magnets are horizontally disposed, they create a magnetic eld which is substantially balanced with respect to the bar magnet 46 of the compass, and which therefore has no effect upon the operation of the compass. However, when the compensating magnets are rotated together with the compensating bolt into a tilted or non-horizontal position. a compensating field is created which is unbalanced with respect to the bar magnet 46. By proper adjustment of the compensating magnets the resulting unbalanced compensating field may be regulated to exactly counteract and neutralize the effect of stray magnetic fields adjacent the bar magnet 46. The bar magnet under such conditions is influenced only by the earths magnetic ileld and accurate registration and direction indications result.

In Figures 7 and 8 is shown an alternate arrangement of the magnetic unit forming a part of the dial cup assembly. This arrangement utilizes twin bar magnets |06 and |01 disposed in parallel relation on opposite sides of core member 38 in lieu of the single bar magnet 46 described in connection with the preferred form of my invention. Twin magnets IDB and |01, which are preferably cylindrical in shape, are disposed with their like poles adjacent.

Figures 9 and 10 illustrate alternate arrangements of the cork filler forming a part of the dial cup assembly. In Figure 9 the rim of dial cup 35 is formed flush with the top surface of cork iiller 53 as seen at to eliminate the lateral flange shown at 55 in Figures 4 and 5.

Figure 10 illustrates a cork filler having a lateral iiange ||2 provided with a depending annular portion H3 spaced from dial cup 35 as indicated at IH.

In Figures 11 and 12 are shown alternate arrangements of the pivot pin upon which the dial assembly rotates, in which the dial assembly is adapted to be supported from below. Figure 11 illustrates a hook-shaped pivot pin H6 depending from one side of housing section 2l and bent upward centrally oi' bowl 24 as indicated at |I1. Dial assembly H8 which is generally similar to the dial float assembly 32 of the preferred form of my invention. embodies a dial cup 9 having a core member |2| one end of which is accommodated in an aperture in the bottom of the dial cup and the other end of which supports a bearing member |22. Amagnet |23 is mounted upon core |2| adjacent the bottom of the dial cup. It will be seen that the dial assembly is thus designed to rest by gravity upon pivot pin IIS and the need for a liquid bath to float the dial cup is thus eliminated together with the need ior a cork filler within the dial cup.

Figure 12 illustrates a pivot pin |24 extending upwardly from a mounting lug |25 provided in the bottom of bowl 24'. The dial assembly is similar to that of Figure 11 and is adapted to rest by gravity upon the pivot pin.

Figure 13 illustrates dual compensating magnets |26 and |21 adjustably mounted upon bolts |28 and I 29 which are rotatably mounted within housing section 2| at right angles to each other and which may be individually selectively adjusted from the exterior of the housing section. Compensating magnet |29 is spaced from the wall of the compensating chamber by a bridge member i3 I. By such construction of the compensating magnets, the compass may be mounted at any point within a vehicle and accurately adjusted to compensate for stray magnetic ilelds existing at such point.

It will thus be seen that the present invention provides an automobile compass which may readily be regulated by unskilled persons to compensate for inaccurate registration, which is simple and unitary in construction and which is eiiicient and reliable in operation.

The invention may be embodied in other specic forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is:

1. In a magnetic compass, a casing comprising a supporting section and a bowl portion provided with transparent walls depending from and supported by said section, a pivot mounted on said supporting section and depending into said bowl portion, an element including a magnet buoyantly rotatably supported against the end of said pivot, an indicia carrier mounted on said element and having indicia displayed thru said transparent Walls, said supporting section being hollow to provide a chamber directly above and adjacent to said element, and compensating means mounted in said chamber comprising a shaft rotatable from the exterior of said casing and a plurality of magnets independently adjustable on said shaft.

2. In a magnetic compass, a housing, a transparent bowl removably depending from said housing, a pivot depending from said housing into said bowl, a liquid bath contained in said bowl, a dial float including a permanent magnet buoyantly supported in said bath against said pivot, a compensating assembly disposed in a chamber in said housing including a threaded bolt mounted for rotation in said housing and adjustable from thc exterior thereof, dual compensating magnets adjustably mounted on said bolt within said chamber, lock nuts mounted on said bolt adjacent said magnets for retaining said magnets in adjusted position on said bolt, and a resilient member mounted on said bolt adjacent a wall of said chamber for maintaining said bolt in a denite position with respect to said housing section.

3. In a magnetic compass, a bowl, an element mounted in said bowl for movement in response to the earths magnetic eld and bearing indicia displayed through said bowl, a housing secured to said bowl, a compensator comprising a shaft journalled in said housing and having an end projecting outside said housing, horseshoe magnets disposed within a chamber in said housing and threaded on said shaft with their open ends in diametric opposition, and an index on the exposed end of said shaft designed to register with respect to said housing for indicating a known angular disposition of said magnets.

4. In a magnetic compass, a housing section, a transparent bowl detachably threaded to said section, a needle pivotdepending from said section into said bowl, a liquid bath contained within said bowl, a dial float assembly immersed in said bath and buoyantly supported for rotation against said pivot comprising a cup bearing external indicia and a permanent magnet mounted within said cup, an index formed on said housing section and designed for registration with said cup indicia, a manually adjustable bolt extending through a chamber in said housing section, a magnetic element mounted on said bolt within said chamber. a removable cover for enclosing said chamber. there being a bore in said housing interconnecting the interior of said bowl with the exterior of said housing section and a bracket adjustably secured to said housing section.

5. In a magnetic compass, a casing including a main housing section and a transparent bowl depending from said housing section, an indicator assembly including a magnet disposed within said bowl, a hook-shaped pivot depending from a side of said housing section into said bowl and bent upwardly adjacent the center of said bowl for rotatably supporting said indicator element with respect to said casing, a chamber in said housing section, and compensating means adjustably mounted in said chamber, and means for adjusting said compensating means from the exterior of said housing section.

6. In a magnetic compass a casing including a hollow main housing and supporting section and a transparent bowl supported by and depending from said housing section. an indicator assembly including a magnet disposed within said bowl, a pivot mounted in the bottom of said bowl and extending centrally upward for rotatably supporting said indicator assembly with respect to said casing, and compensating means adjustably mounted within said hollow housing section directly above said indicator assembly.

7. In a magnetic compass a casing provided with a chamber, a pivot mounted in said casing and depending into said chamber, a buoyant liquid substantially filling said chamber, a magnetic indicator dial in said chamber buoyantly urged by said liquid into contact with the end of said pivot, means in said casing to receive an air bubble above said liquid for expansion thereof, and a baille plate mounted on said pivot and extending into contact with said casing adjacent to said means for partially enclosing said air bubble.

8. In a magnetic compass a casing having a chamber, a liquid bath illling said chamber, a pivot mounted in said casing and depending into said chamber, and a buoyant magnetic direction indicator supported by said liquid against the end of said pivot for movement under the influence of the earths magnetic iield comprising a cupshaped element, a core axially disposed within said element and secured at one end to the bottom o! said cup, said core having an axial bore enlarged adjacent the bottom of said cup, an

anti-friction element retained within said enlarged bore portion for bearing against said pivot, a magnet disposed within said cup, and a buoyant element substantially filling the space in said cup around said core and magnet.

9. The structure defined in claim 8 wherein said buoyant element filling said cup is provided with a Bange portion extending beyond the rim of said cup for dampening excessive oscillation oi said cup in said liquid bath.

10. In a compass, a casing, a chamber in said casing, a bowl depending from said casing and providing a second chamber, a liquid bath iillirw; said second chamber, a magnetic direction inc cator rotatably mounted in said liquid bath, said casing being provided with a bore extending between said chambers, a closure element for said bore, a cover for said i'lrst named chamber overlying said bore, and means for securing said cover in place, said means engaging said bore and covering said closure element.

11. In a magnetic compass, a casing, mounting means for said casing, a chamber in said casing provided with a removable closure element, a transparent bowl carried by and depending from said casing, an indicator assembly mounted within said bowl and including a magnet, magnetic compensating means positioned in said chamber in close proximity to said indicator assembly, said compensating means including a rotatable shaft extending within said chamber from the exterior of said casing. and a plurality of magnetic compensating devices mounted on said shaft, said devices being independently adjustable on said shaft upon removal of said closure element.

MAXIME-JAN KLEIN. BERNHARD WIIJJACH. WILLIAM STADER.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

'Patent No. 2,152,168.

October LL, 1958.

MAXIMILIAN KLEIN, ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above column, line 56, claim 2,

the said Letters Patent should be read the same may conform to the record of and sealed this th day of November, A. D.

Signed (Seal) :numbered-patent requiring correction as follows: Page L1., second before the word "position" insert axial; and that with this correction therein that the case in the Patent Office.

Henry Van Arsdale Acting Commissioner of Patents.

rotatably supporting said indicator element with respect to said casing, a chamber in said housing section, and compensating means adjustably mounted in said chamber, and means for adjusting said compensating means from the exterior of said housing section.

6. In a magnetic compass a casing including a hollow main housing and supporting section and a transparent bowl supported by and depending from said housing section. an indicator assembly including a magnet disposed within said bowl, a pivot mounted in the bottom of said bowl and extending centrally upward for rotatably supporting said indicator assembly with respect to said casing, and compensating means adjustably mounted within said hollow housing section directly above said indicator assembly.

7. In a magnetic compass a casing provided with a chamber, a pivot mounted in said casing and depending into said chamber, a buoyant liquid substantially filling said chamber, a magnetic indicator dial in said chamber buoyantly urged by said liquid into contact with the end of said pivot, means in said casing to receive an air bubble above said liquid for expansion thereof, and a baille plate mounted on said pivot and extending into contact with said casing adjacent to said means for partially enclosing said air bubble.

8. In a magnetic compass a casing having a chamber, a liquid bath illling said chamber, a pivot mounted in said casing and depending into said chamber, and a buoyant magnetic direction indicator supported by said liquid against the end of said pivot for movement under the influence of the earths magnetic iield comprising a cupshaped element, a core axially disposed within said element and secured at one end to the bottom o! said cup, said core having an axial bore enlarged adjacent the bottom of said cup, an

anti-friction element retained within said enlarged bore portion for bearing against said pivot, a magnet disposed within said cup, and a buoyant element substantially filling the space in said cup around said core and magnet.

9. The structure defined in claim 8 wherein said buoyant element filling said cup is provided with a Bange portion extending beyond the rim of said cup for dampening excessive oscillation oi said cup in said liquid bath.

10. In a compass, a casing, a chamber in said casing, a bowl depending from said casing and providing a second chamber, a liquid bath iillirw; said second chamber, a magnetic direction inc cator rotatably mounted in said liquid bath, said casing being provided with a bore extending between said chambers, a closure element for said bore, a cover for said i'lrst named chamber overlying said bore, and means for securing said cover in place, said means engaging said bore and covering said closure element.

11. In a magnetic compass, a casing, mounting means for said casing, a chamber in said casing provided with a removable closure element, a transparent bowl carried by and depending from said casing, an indicator assembly mounted within said bowl and including a magnet, magnetic compensating means positioned in said chamber in close proximity to said indicator assembly, said compensating means including a rotatable shaft extending within said chamber from the exterior of said casing. and a plurality of magnetic compensating devices mounted on said shaft, said devices being independently adjustable on said shaft upon removal of said closure element.

MAXIME-JAN KLEIN. BERNHARD WIIJJACH. WILLIAM STADER.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

'Patent No. 2,152,168.

October LL, 1958.

MAXIMILIAN KLEIN, ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above column, line 56, claim 2,

the said Letters Patent should be read the same may conform to the record of and sealed this th day of November, A. D.

Signed (Seal) :numbered-patent requiring correction as follows: Page L1., second before the word "position" insert axial; and that with this correction therein that the case in the Patent Office.

Henry Van Arsdale Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

